Therefore, in addition to requiring an accurate sensor, the connection between the encoder and the AMR device must never be broken. Obviously, incremental encoders used with water meters must count reliably or else the value displayed by the AMR device will differ from the usage recorded by the mechanical register at the meter. Thus we can never be absolutely sure about the amount of usage because only incremental usage is recorded. If the device misses pulses or loses track of the count, there is no way to go back and determine the number of rotations that have occurred only new pulses can be recorded, and an error results. However, they can only register motion if some device is always available to count and store the output pulses. Incremental encoders can be extremely effective. Note that the number of pulses per gallon is defined as the meter “resolution.” High resolution is valuable because it can enable leak detection and more precise billing. When incremental encoders are used with water meters, the sensor is located in the register gear train so that it will produce one or more pulses for each gallon of flow. Incremental encoders may employ various types of sensors non-contact magnetic sensors, such as reed switches, are very common. The number of shaft rotations can be recorded by simply counting the pulses. If there were two bumps, there would be two pulses per revolution. The rotating wheel has a bump that closes a contact every time it completes one revolution. In general, an incremental shaft encoder utilizes a sensing means that opens and closes a circuit or otherwise produces a voltage pulse with each shaft rotation. The incremental encoder is a relatively simple device that produces electrical pulses as a shaft rotates. There are two types of encoders, incremental and absolute, and there are fundamental differences between them. A device that converts mechanical location or displacement to an electronic signal is called an encoder.
#Error codes for sensus water meter manual
These dials provide a basic visual readout for manual reading.įor AMR purposes, it is necessary to convert this mechanical readout to digital form.
#Error codes for sensus water meter series
The gearbox divides the rotations by an initial scale factor and then drives a series of dials that represent decades of usage. These meters are capable of providing reasonable torque.īoth turbine and positive displacement meters contain a small gearbox, or “register,” that is coupled to the output shaft. Positive displacement meters employ a piston-cylinder arrangement, which continuously parcels out the water in a series of defined, known volumes. These meters tend to be small and low in cost, but the turbine can provide very little output torque even slight loading of the shaft will change the meter’s calibration. By counting the rotations of the turbine shaft, flow is derived. The turbine meters (known as single- or multi-jet meters) incorporate a turbine that rotates at a speed proportional to flow. For residential applications, the two most common approaches are turbine and positive displacement technologies. Measuring flow can be accomplished in a number of ways. This article discusses the various technologies that are employed to provide this electronic interface. In all of these cases, there is a requirement that the water meters have some type of electronic output. Finally, the AMR product may be a long-range wireless device that transfers the data over a fixed-network to the utility office. It may also be a short-range wireless device that is attached to the meter and communicates with an onsite meter reader. The AMR device may be a remote product, such as a “touch pad” or electromechanical display that can be read or interrogated by an onsite meter reader. In the 1980s, interest grew in automatic meter reading (AMR), which allowed meters to be read even more efficiently.Īll water meters that are to be electronically read must have some means of communicating the meter information to an electronic AMR device.
Since the first public water systems were created in the 1800s, water meters have been installed in basements or pits to prevent freezing unfortunately, their locations make them difficult to read.īeginning in the 1960s, manufacturers began to develop equipment that permitted meters to be read without direct access.
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